Koes Plus, formerly Koes Bersaudara, is an Indonesian musical group that enjoyed success in the 1960s and 1970s.Known as one of Indonesia's classic musical acts, the band peaked in popularity in the days far before the advent of private television companies, delivering stripped-down pop songs at the then-only TV station, TVRI. Koes Plus, formerly Koes Bersaudara, is an Indonesian musical group that enjoyed success in the 1960s and 1970s. Known as one of.

Coordinates: 6°54′S112°03′E / 6.9°S 112.05°E

Tuban is a town located on the north coast of Java, in Tuban Regency, approximately 100 km west of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. Tuban is surrounded by Lamongan in the east, Bojonegoro in the south and Rembang, Central Java in the west.

As an ancient town, Tuban is of considerable historical and cultural value. The most prominent feature is the beauty of the scenery such as beaches, caves, and forests, especially the teak forest.

Tuban was formerly an important port in the Majapahit era and is mentioned in Chinese records from the eleventh century. An ancient anchor from one of Kublai Khan's ships is preserved in the historical museum. Tuban is believed to have been Islamised before its conquest by Demakc. 1527. Even following its Islamisation, it remained loyal to Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit in the interior.^[1] The grave of Sunan Bonang, a sixteenth-century Islamic missionary - one of the Wali Sanga involved in the initial spread of Islam in Java, is located in Tuban. The site is within a few minutes walk of the alun-alun (town square). This site is an important destination for Muslim pilgrims.

The Dutch name of the city is 'Toeban'.

History[edit]

The town's name has been derived from the following story: a mythical pair of birds flying from Majapahit to Demak dropped a precious heirloom stone on the town thereafter named Tuban based on the Javanese phrase 'waTU tiBAN atau meTU BANyu', which means 'stone fallen from the sky'. Another explanation refers to flooding ('TU BANyu' meaning 'water streaming out') that occurred when the aristocratic Islamic scholar Raden Dandang Wacana entered the Papringan Forest, discovering an old well near the seaside that miraculously contained freshwater. The name has furthermore been derived from 'Tubo', meaning poison, in keeping with the name of a Tubanese subdistrict named Jenu to this day, which carries the same meaning.

The official history of Tuban began in the Majapahit era in the 13th century. There was once an important ceremony when the king of Majapahit crowned Ronggolawe as the principal of the Tuban region. It was held on 12 November 1293 and that date has become the anniversary of Tuban, making it more ancient than Surabaya. Tuban's 700th anniversary was celebrated with a grand parade of decorated floats in 1993. The spread of Islam was pioneered by Sunan Bonang and his follower named Sunan Kalijaga, who was the son of the Tubanese principal in the 13th century. Tuban was considered a center of Islamic culture and politics throughout the 15th century.^[2]

Economy[edit]

Tuban is famous for tobacco and hardwood teak production. PT Semen Gresik, a major state-owned cement company, opened the largest cement factory in Indonesia in Tuban in 1994. A petrochemical plant operated by Trans-Pacific Petrochemical Indotama (TPPI) opened in 2006 after several years of delays. in 2010 also will be built in Tuban Holcim cement plant & Coal Fired Power Station to be built in Jenu.

Education[edit]

There are four universities in Tuban, Universitas Sunan Bonang and the recently established Universitas Ronggolawe (UNIROW), which started as a Teacher Training College named IKIP PGRI TUBAN, STITMA and STIKES NU (College of Health Sciences Nahdlatul Ulama Tuban) which was inaugurated by Health Minister Hj. Siti Fadilah Supari. Voluntary Service Overseas posted a number of ELT volunteers to train local counterparts from 1989 onwards, followed by teachers from Volunteers in Asia, all warmly received as the only Westerners (called Londo, derived from the Javanese word for Belanda = Dutch) in town. Among the town’s secondary schools is Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Tuban.

Tourism[edit]

Tuban is famous for its unique batik, locally known as Batik Gedog. Typical motifs are sea animals in dark colours such as blue and purple. There is a traditional Chinese temple named Klenteng 'Kwan Sing Bio' by the beach, which is visited by many local tourists from Surabaya and environs, especially when Imlek, the Chinese New Year is celebrated.

Tuban is known as the 'City of a Thousand Caves' since there are so many caves in the area, containing both stalactites and stalagmites. Famous caves such as Goa Akbar and Goa Maharani (which contains sophisticated pre-formed statues believed to be natural by young and old) are located near the city. Besides, there are many recreational sites worth visiting, such as Goa Ngerong, a natural swimming pool called Pemandian Alam Bektiharjo, a waterfall named Air Terjun Nglirip, and the beach and pier for young couples, Pantai Boom.

Tuban is also well known for its beverage 'tuak', strong palm wine taken from the Aren tree (called uwit bogor) served in large bamboo mugs called centak. Historically, the Tubanese used tuak as a strategic weapon against the colonial invaders, who were unable to fight when inebriated. Its non-alcoholic variety named Legen is drunk by women and children. Tuak and a kind of gin named arak are also served at traditional dance parties known as Tayuban or Sindiran, at which heavily made-up and padded female entertainers called Waranggono sing satirical songs and dance with paying males till the break of dawn, accompanied by a small gamelan orchestra. The dance movements are a vulgarised version of the Central Javanese palatial dance style known as Srimpi. One of the most notable of these entertainers, Nyi Sumini, was selected as one of five representatives to perform at Jakarta's Taman Mini Indonesia Indah park. One of Indonesia's most famous and prolific pop bands, Koes Plus, hailed from Tuban.

The most luxurious hotel in town, the Hotel Mustika was burnt to the ground when riots broke out after one of the candidates accused his opponents of having framed the outcome of the local elections to decide who would become the next regent or Bupati. The first female candidate in Tuban's history, Haeny Relawati, won and the instigator of the riots has been imprisoned.^{[citation needed]}

Kwan Sing Bio Temple[edit]

Tuban has the largest statue in Southeast Asia of Kwan Sing Tee Koen, aka Kwan Kong, aka Guan Yu. It is at the Tri Dharma Kwan Sing Kwan Sing Bio Chinese Temple, and is 30 metres (98 ft) high. Some Islamic extremists oppose this statue due to the statue being bigger than Indonesia's statue of General of the Army Raden Sudirman at Sudirman Street, Jakarta. A temple spokesperson said that Kwan Sing Tee Koen is a god with only a 15 centimetres (5.9 in) statue in the temple to which people pray, whereas the 30 meter statue is only a monument. A construction permit was obtained, and many Islamic organizations in Tuban didn't mind the statue, although some outside Tuban compare the Kwan Sing Tee Koen and Sudirman statues.^[3][4] In August 2017 escalating protests lead to the statue of Guan Yu being covered with a white sheet, and a mob at Surabaya demanded the statue's destruction.^[5]

Climate[edit]

Tuban has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with moderate to little rainfall from April to November and heavy rainfall from December to March.

Notable people[edit]

• Maria Kristin Yulianti, badminton player
• Koes Plus, musician
• Haeny Relawati, first female regent (bupati)
• Sunan Bonang, one of Wali Songo
• Dewangga Wisma S.K., student

Notes[edit]

1. ^Ricklefs, M.C. 1991. A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300. 2nd Edition, Stanford: Stanford University Press. page 37, ISBN0-333-57690-X
2. ^Federspiel, Howard M. (1995). A Dictionary of Indonesian Islam. Ohio University, Center for International Studies. p. 274. ISBN978-0-89680-182-0.
3. ^Hasanudin Aco (August 2, 2017). 'Ramai Perdebatan Media Sosial soal Patung Dewa Tertinggi se-Asia Tenggara yang Ada di Tuban'.
4. ^Heri Agung Fitrianto. 'Kisah Kwan Kong Di Kelenteng Kwan Sing Bio'. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
5. ^Goldman, Russell (August 10, 2017). 'In Indonesia, Chinese Deity Is Covered in Sheet After Muslims Protest'. The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
6. ^'Climate: Tuban'. Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 16 November 2020.

Koes Plus Mp4

Iwan Fals (born Virgiawan Listanto; 3 September 1961 in Jakarta) is an Indonesiansinger–songwriter. In 2002, Time magazine named him as a Great Asian Hero. His musical style has been said to be pop, rock, country, and folk pop and his lyrics tell a lot of dark times from the 1970s to 1980s in the political field.^[1]

Early life[edit]

Iwan was born Virgiawan Listanto in Jakarta, on 3 September 1961 to Harsoyo, a soldier,^[2] and Lies Suudijah. He studied at SMP Negeri 5 Bandung and SMAK BPK Bandung. He continued his studies at Sekolah Tinggi Publisistik and then Institut Kesenian Jakarta. At the age of thirteen, he appeared as a street musician in small wedding ceremonies and other social events.^[3]

Career[edit]

While he was 18, Iwan Fals, Toto Gunarto, Helmi, Bambang Bule and Kakek Jagonk formed a group named Amburadul. The group released the album 'Perjalanan' in 1979, which was not successful, but was re-released with the added track '3 Bulan' as '3 Bulan' (1980) in 1980. The group disbanded and played no further role in Iwan Fals' career.

As part of his early career, Iwan Fals also recorded some comedy albums, after winning a comedy country singing contest. He sang of comic situations and themes, and his first release was on 'Canda Dalam Nada' (the A-side featured five songs by Iwan: Generasi Frustrasi, Dongeng Tidur, Imitasi, Kisah Sepeda Motorku (aka. Kopral), and Joni Kesiangan while the B-side consisted of songs by Tom Slepe and Pusaka Jaya). The songs Dongeng Tidur, Joni Kesiangan and Kisah Sepeda Motorku were released, with one new song, Ambulance Zig Zag, on the Iwan Fals mini-album Canda Dalam Nada, while Generasi Frustrasi and Imitasi were also included on the 'Yang Muda Yang Bercanda II' multiartist comedy compilation.

During this time, Iwan supported himself by busking.

1981 saw Iwan Fals' breakthrough, when he signed to Musica Studio to record his first solo album, Sarjana Muda. This album shows Iwan Fals' signature country music style, with the protest song 'Guru Oemar Bakrie', which talks of how a teacher is poorly paid but still responsible for educating future well-paid and successful people. 'Guru Oemar Bakrie' became very well known and popular in Indonesia, and helped established Iwan's name. The album also contains several ballads. It benefited from considerable investment by Musica Studio, who used high-quality musicians and producer for the album.

1982's Opini, also on Musica Studio, cemented Iwan's reputation as a protest singer, but also as a balladeer. 'Galang Rambu Anarki', for his newborn son, combined both elements, commenting on both the happy event of the birth of his first child, but also commenting on rising prices, saying that perhaps his child would be malnourished if they could not afford to buy milk.

1983 saw the release of Sumbang, while 1984's album releases were Barang Antik and Sugali.

In April 1984, Iwan was arrested and questioned for two weeks after performing the songs 'Demokrasi Nasi' and Mbak Tini, both songs never recorded on album, in Pekanbaru. The song Mbak Tini was about a prostitute with a road-side coffee shop, married to 'Soeharyo' (Suharto).^[4] The events were retold on the song '14-4-84' on 1986's Ethiopia.

Iwan Fals continued to release albums throughout the 1980s, while in 1989 he formed the group Swami, which released two albums Swami I in 1989, and Swami II in 1991. A similar grouping was Kantata Takwa, which contained several Swami personnel. The musical style was 'rebana rock', a blend of Jimi Hendrix and Rick Wakeman, to a Betawi rebana.^[5] The album Kantata Takwa was released in 1990, featuring songs such as 'Bento' and 'Bongkar' ('Rip It Down'), two of several songs which they sang during a demonstration by college students.^[6]

Up to the release Orang Gila in 1994, Iwan had released approximately two new albums per year for 15 years. Since 1994, he has greatly reduced his release schedule, putting out only two singles in 1995, and one in 1996, while in 1998 Kantata Samsara, the second and final album by Kantata Takwa, was released.

To make up for the lack of new content, a number of Iwan Fals compilations were released in the 1990s and 2000s, including Best Of The Best, Akustik (3 volumes), and Salam Reformasi ('Greetings Reformation'), which sold more than 50,000 copies.^[7]

In 2002, Iwan Fals released his first new solo album since 1994, Suara Hati.^[8] In 2003 the album 'In Collaboration With' was released consisting of performances with other Indonesia artists. Manusia Setengah Dewa, in 2004, was a solo album.

In 2005, he released Iwan Fals In Love, essentially a compilation of existing Iwan Fals romantic recordings, but with the new song 'Ijinkan Aku Menyayangimu' ('Let Me Love You') as the main single, and five re-recordings of old songs.^[9] Two songs, in collaboration with Indra Lesmana, Haruskah Pergi, and Selancar, were released as digital download in 2006.

Murry Koes Plus Wikipedia

In 2007, 50:50 was released by Musica Studios. The album's themes were romance and social criticism. One single of the album, 'Pulanglah' ('Go Home'), tells about the death of Munir.^[10] Six singles were written by himself and other six singles were written by his fellow musicians.^[9] Two songs were released in 2009 as Untukmu Terkasih.

In 2010, he released Keseimbangan, and in 2011 he released a new album titled 'Tergila-gila' with 4 new songs inside.

Download Lagu Koes Plus

OI[edit]

He has a large fan club which is called OI (stylised as lowercase oi), he stated 'Oi is not [actually] Orang Indonesia, so there are many friends (fans) whose faces I recognise, but [I] can't remember their names.' He started calling his fans who often come to his house to listen his free acoustic live performance with 'Oi' which literally means 'Hey'.^[11] Thus, the fans derived OI as the name of the fan club and made it as an abbreviation from Orang Indonesia (Indonesian People) as the acronym must contain a meaning. The idea of naming Orang Indonesia came from Iwan Fals' foundation, Yayasan Orang Indonesia (Indonesian People Foundation). OI is now led by his wife and running under the management of PT. Tiga Rambu (limited liability company).^[12]

Oi was made as the reflection of his passed-away son, and to become the father of his fans.

Lyrical themes[edit]

Iwan Fals has been compared with Bob Dylan, who was one of his key influences, both on his early style, which made heavy use of the harmonica, and on his lyrics, which have frequently been in the protest song genre.

For instance, 'Kamu Sudah Gila' ('You've Gone Crazy') and 'Apa Kamu Sudah Jadi Tuhan?' ('Have You Become God?') criticised the New Order regime.

Other songs are more observational, but still could be seen as political. For instance, his song Galang Rambu Anarki, written for his newborn son, talks of being too poor to raise his son, while 'Kembang Pete' ('Stinkbean Flower') tells the story of the underestimated poor.^[2] 'Aku Bosan' ('I'm Bored') is about a child protesting to his parents because they left him alone at home. While 'Hura-Hura Huru-Hara' ('Fake Riot') compares moneylender to blood-sucking vampires.^[13]

The 1988 song (and album) '1910', which could be interpreted as referring to the year 1910, was actually a reference to the date 19 October, the date, in 1987, of the Bintaro train crash, a disaster the song documents in observational style. 'Celoteh Camar Tolol dan Cemar', on 1983's Sumbang, documented the sinking of the Tampomas II ship in Masalembu.

Aside from his observational protest songs, Iwan Fals is known for his love songs, which include 'Yang Terlupakan' ('The Forgotten'), 'Mata Indah Bola Pingpong' ('Beautiful Pingpong Ball Eyes'), 'Antara Kau, Aku, dan Bekas Pacarmu' ('Among You, Me, and Your ex-lover'), and 'Pesawat Tempurku' ('My Jet Fighter').

Although a songwriter, Iwan Fals' status as one of Indonesia's leading rock/pop performers has led to his recording material from numerous other songwriters. Some of his most notable hits written by others include Barang Antik ('Antique'), 'Kemesraan' ('Intimacy'), 'Kumenanti Seorang Kekasih' ('I'm Waiting for a Lover'), 'Aku Bukan Pilihan' ('I'm Not an Option') and 'Ijinkan Aku Menyayangimu' ('Let Me Love You').^[14]

Personal life[edit]

On 1 January 1982, Fals' first son, Galang Rambu Anarki was born. One of Fals' best-known songs, Galang Rambu Anarki, was written for his son's birth and released on 1982's Opini (Opinion) album. Galang was following in his father's footsteps playing in a band from a young age as a guitarist and folk musician, but he died aged only 15, on 25 April 1997 of either a morphine overdose or asthma. 'Galang Rambu Anarki' translates to 'support the sign of anarchy' in English.^[15][16]

In 1985, Fals' first daughter Annisa Cikal Rambu Basae was born.^[17] His third child is Rayya Rambu Robbani.^[9] He and Rosanna, his wife live in Cibubur, West Java.^[6]

Discography[edit]

• Perjalanan (as part of Amburadul group) (1979)
• Canda Dalam Nada (1979) - comedy album, Iwan has the A-side only
• Canda Dalam Ronda (1980) - comedy mini-album of four tracks, contains one new track 'Ambulance Zig Zag'
• 3 Bulan (consists of Perjalanan plus the new track 3 Bulan) (1980)
• Sarjana Muda (1981) - Musica debut
• Opini (1982)
• Sumbang (1983)
• Barang Antik (1984)
• Sugali (1984)
• Kelompok Penyanyi Jalanan (KPJ) - as part of KPJ, or Street Singers Group, Iwan Fals sings on 3 songs (1985)
• Sore Tugu Pancoran (1985)
• Aku Sayang Kamu (1986)
• Ethiopia (1986)
• Lancar (1987)
• Wakil Rakyat (1987)
• 1910 (1988)
• Kemesraan (1988) - single, with Betharia Sonata, Chrisye, Rafika Duri, Itang, Jamal Mirdad, Etrie, Nani
• Mata Dewa (1989)
• Swami I (as part of the group Swami) (1989)
• Kantata Takwa (as part of the group Kantata) (1990)
• Cikal (1991)
• Swami II (as part of the group Swami) (1991)
• Belum Ada Judul (1992)
• Hijau (1992)
• Dalbo (1993)
• Anak Wayang (1994)
• Orang Gila (1994)
• Kantata Samsara (as part of the group Kantata) (1998)
• Suara Hati (2002)
• In Collaboration with (2003)
• Manusia Setengah Dewa (2004)
• In Love (2005) (contains only one new song, and four re-recordings)
• 50:50 (2007)
• Untukmu Terkasih (2009) - Mini-album - two songs only
• Keseimbangan (2010)
• Tergila-gila (2011)
• Raya (2013)

Awards[edit]

In 2002, he was named as Great Asian Hero by Time magazine.^[8] In 2011, he received 'Satyalancana', the highest government awards from Jero Wacik, Culture and Tourism Minister of Indonesia.^[18]

Rolling Stone Indonesia listed Swami's song Bongkar as the best Indonesian song of all time and Bento on the fifth position, Kantata Takwa's Kesaksian on 81st position, and Iwan Fals' solo Guru Oemar Bakrie, Yang Terlupakan, Surat Buat Wakil Rakyat, Pesawat Tempur, Galang Rambu Anarki, and Sarjana Muda on 5th, 42nd, 51st, 56th, 65th, and 97th, respectively, making him the second musician with the most representative on the chart after Koes Plus with the margin of one.

References[edit]

1. ^GridOto.com. 'Ini Beberapa Alasan Iwan Fals Jadi Brand Ambassador Mitsubishi FUSO - GridOto.com'. www.gridoto.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-04-22.
2. ^ ^abGinting 2009, p. 286
3. ^Ubaedy & Ratrioso 2005, pp. 1–2
4. ^'Iwan Fals Berterimakasih Kepada Orde Baru dan Mengagumi Soeharto'. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
5. ^Sen & Hill 2000, p. 182
6. ^ ^abAning S. 2006, p. 96
7. ^'Rising R&B, Duetting Dangdut, Singing Spirituals'. Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. 110: APQ-2. October 24, 1998. ISSN0006-2510.
8. ^ ^abUbaedy & Ratrioso 2005, p. 4
9. ^ ^abc'Iwan Fals'. KapanLagi.com. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
10. ^Ginting 2009, pp. 289–291
11. ^Taufik Rahaji (2013-06-15), Iwan Fals Akhirnya Bicara - Kick Andy - FULL, retrieved 2018-05-09
12. ^Netmediatama (2014-01-01), Sarah Sechan - Tahun Baruan bareng Iwan Fals, retrieved 2018-05-16
13. ^Emmerson 1999, p. 286
14. ^Ginting 2009, p. 289
15. ^'Indonesians in Focus: Iwan Fals'. planetmole.org.
16. ^Suara Merdeka CyberNews. 'SUARA MERDEKA CETAK - Dapat Julukan Kiai dari Santri Rembang'. suaramerdeka.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-25. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
17. ^Ubaedy & Ratrioso 2005, p. 3
18. ^'Pop singer Iwan Fals receives highest government award for dedication'. The Jakarta Post. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 13 October 2011.

Bibliography[edit]

• Aning S., Floriberta (2006). 100 Tokoh Yang Mengubah Indonesia (Revised ed.). Yogyakarta: Narasi. ISBN9789797564759.
• Emmerson, Donald K. (1999). Indonesia Beyond Suharto: Polity, Economy, Society, Transition. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe. ISBN9781563248900.
• Ginting, Asrat; et al. (2009). Musisiku. Jakarta: Republika. ISBN9789791102520.
• Sen, Krishna; Hill, David T. (2000). Media, Culture and Politics in Indonesia. South Melbourne, Vict.: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195537031.
• Ubaedy, A. N.; Ratrioso, Imam (2005). Refleksi Kehidupan: Kisah dan Kajian Hidup Orang-Orang Ternama. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. ISBN9789792077254.